America s Struggle For Democracy Essay - 1912 Words

As stated in The Struggle for Democracy, the U.S. is a representative democracy, also known as a republic (). In this system of government, unlike a direct democracy in which all citizens vote on all public matters, elected representatives govern the people. The U.S. system consists of three separate governing branches, executive, judicial, and legislative, which all hold checks and balances on one another. These checks and balances were meant to ensure the U.S. would be as democratic as possible and prohibit one branch from gaining too much power. Throughout America’s history, the system has predominantly been a success. In the world today, the United States is looked upon as a bastion for democratic principles. The U.S. State Department itself ardently embraces the lofty goals of promoting democracy around the world, assisting those in foreign lands who wish to establish democracies, and denouncing regimes that deny citizens their rightful ability to conduct and participate in free, fair, and transparent elections (). Americans at large also support democracy enthusiastically. A myriad of citizen ardently proclaim the U.S.’s democratic ideals and the freedoms they allow qualify the U.S. to be the greatest country in the world. While parts of this is true-the U.S. is indeed a global advocate of spreading democracy and Americans enjoy many freedoms not privy to citizens living under repressive regimes such as Saudi Arabia or Pakistan-the American political system as a wholeShow MoreRelatedThe Concept Of American Democracy1699 Words   |  7 Pages Democracy is perhaps the most elusive concept of all times. But if there has to be something more elusive, it will surely be the concept of American democracy. In 1858, Abraham Lincoln is known to have written:  ¨As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master †¦ This expresses my idea of democracy. Whoever differs from this, to the extent of the difference, is no democracy. ¨ The initial understanding of American democracy takes the form of an antithesis of English colonialism and slaveryRead MoreAmerican Foreign Policy After The Great Depression1390 Words   |  6 Pagesand socially challenging home front crisis of the Great Depression kept American citizens and politicians busy with domestic policy. Additionally the disillusionment of people with WWI caused America to avoid war at all costs. However, the rising threat of fascism in Europe forced America to defend democracy and help its allies. The first shift was seen when foreign policy in the 1920s had moved to isolationism in large part due to WWI. WWI in the eyes of the American people had been an extremeRead MorePoverty And The American Dream933 Words   |  4 Pagestrying to find a way to get out. The Inequality gap in America has increased for the past few decades. Resulting from Economic Inequality in America, 400 Americans share more than 50% of America’s total wealth. These 400 Americans are the Top 1%. While the Top 1% are living luxurious lives, the Bottom 99% is struggling to make ends meet. Inequality is nothing new to the United States. In fact, it is a serious problem for America’s Economy, Democracy and the Middle Class. Economic Inequality is the thingRead MoreThe President Is Responsible For Shaping Foreign Policy768 Words   |  4 PagesMoriah Riley American Government II Professor Garrison May 5, 2016 Forced Democracy The president is responsible for shaping foreign policy. He meets with leaders of other nations to solve problems and make peace. He, or she, meets with foreign ambassadors and negotiates treaties and personally find agreements. The Constitution states that the president signs treaties with other countries that are participating in the foreign policy. The Senate has the power to ratify treaties but 2/3 vote is requiredRead MoreStruggles and Setbacks of Developing Democracies in Latin American Countries 1477 Words   |  6 Pagesto remain oppressed throughout history and stand on a slippery slope towards democratic reform of their national governments. The impeded development of democracy in these countries is much derived from Spanish empirical forms, reigning from the colonial era in which Spanish conquistadores implemented the first forms of government in Latin America based off of the authoritative structure of power that was brought over seas and applied in the â€Å"new-worldà ¢â‚¬ . (Zabludovsky, 1989) explains how theoriesRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union s Sphere Of Influence1611 Words   |  7 PagesThe public s fear of the destruction of mankind at the hands of two rival, nuclear powers was manifested in American dystopian fiction written during the Cold War. Suspicion of the Soviet Union s communist intentions combined with the possibility of military catastrophe (Kissinger, 15) inspired novelists to document the complex relationships between The United State and Russia, democracy and communism, and man and technology. The Cold War era as depicted in dystopian novels of the time wasRead MoreThe Impact of the Cold War on Developing Nations Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pagesearly 1940’s to late 1990’s. United States wanted to flex its political muscle and try to curtail the spread of Soviet Communism in the developing nations. Most of the nations in developed world had already made their political and socio-economic stand regarding the form of governance and leadership pursued. Underdeveloped nations in Asia, Latin America and Africa were still vulnerable and easily influenced in terms of ideologies and political direction. Most nations in Latin America like ChileRead MoreLangston Hughes : Black Poets Impact On African American Literature857 Words   |  4 Pagesis literature written from African descents that focused on the early time to recent time movements. Early as the 1700’s and late as the 1900’s where African American literature was in progress. Poetry was a substa ntial part of African American literature, because black poets talked about culture, racism, slavery, and equality rights. Black poets expressed their views, struggles, and influenced others at times in several movements in African American literature. Langston Hughes stood as a literaryRead MoreThe Segregation Of The South1386 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans to promote change. WWII was fought to keep the world safe for democracy. The Nazi’s were looking to promote their ‘pure’ race and to take over all that they could. That, and what happens in the near future, the Holocaust, goes against all that democracy stands for. Yet, in the country of America, there was the Jim Crow laws and the obvious racism in the North. How would America fight for democracy when in the country there was racist regulations just like Nazi Germany? This paradoxRead MoreAmerica s Essential Documents Of America1644 Words   |  7 Pagesthere s ever been, and it’s true we’ve had some pretty terrible presidents. But those weaker presidents didn’t leave a lasting impression on our country. Only those presidents that were strong and stood for or against something are remembered and studied. This doesn’t just apply to presidents, but to any great men. As great men or women come into our society and make a difference we all grow as a natio n and every nation is different depending on its history. The United states of America has grown

The Effects of Globalization on Cambodia Essay - 888 Words

Globalization is defined as the act of creating connections between countries across the globe in terms of culture and economy. Almost on every part of the world, citizens have become a part of the global village. Even though various researches stated that there are negative effects of globalization for particular reasons, the positive impacts were clearly shown to be stronger especially in developing countries such as Cambodia. To begin with, tourist travel is one of the main negative impacts of Globalization as it is able pose a serious threat on the society as a whole through the act of human trafficking. According to an article on Iris Cambodia, the fastest growing criminal industry across the globe is no doubt: human trafficking.†¦show more content†¦For instance, many teenagers in Cambodia are influenced by the Korean culture through their music and fashion. An article on CNN stated that South Korea has now become the Hollywood of the East as their Korean Wave has spread and influenced almost all of Asia and a number of the Western countries through entertainment over the last ten years. (Farrar, 2012) The majority of those being influenced too strong by foreign culture are not aware that their actions can lead to culture loss. However, merging different cultures together can as well bring positive effects as it can benefit each nation by creating stronger bonds between them. Immigrants have brought their traditions, beliefs and languages to different parts of the world, bringing various cultures together. Through this, the citizens in each nation can learn to understand and accept the differences of their cultures. The influence of foreign businesses can also bring cultures together. For instance, companies introduce their national dishes to different countries such as pizzas from Italy and burgers from the US which now has become very popular among global villages. Furthermore, different traditions of each culture are mostly introduced by events such as weddings. Decades ago, people in Asia only wore their national wedding wear on their weddings but it now has become a norm for Asians to wear white wedding gowns and black tuxedoes as well despiteShow MoreRelatedForeign Language Literacy And Its Effect On The Culture Of Cambodia1554 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowing economy of Cambodia. This industry is supported by the widespread literacy of various foreign languages that was adopted from their neighboring countries and its former colonizer. French was introduced to formal education during the independence period in 1960s. Currently, the second phase Upper Secondary Education curriculum requires 4 lessons of either English or French. Visitors in Cambodia do not only come to see the natural assets and historical sites of Cambodia but they also enjoyRead MoreCambodi The Khmer Empire1564 Words   |  7 PagesCambodia officially once known as the Khmer Empire is a country located in the southern section of peninsula in the Southeast Asia. It is bordered by the neighboring countries like Thailand to northwest and Vietnam to the east, with a current population of 15 Million +, making the 69th on the most populous country in the world. The current most practiced religion is Buddhism conceiving 95 percent of the population. The capital and largest city of Cambodia is Phnom Penh, the political, economic, andRead MoreThe Implementation Of Neoliberal Policies1334 Words   |  6 PagesSolidarity network, â€Å"In 1995, the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) came into effect, under which quotas were phased out in four stages over a ten-year period and eliminated on January 1, 2005.† (The Maquila Solidarity N etwork, Multi-Fibre Arrangement). In 2005 the multi Fiber Agreement was eradicated and many developing countries were worried about how this would affect their economy. In Countries such as Cambodia, apparel is considered to be the starter industry, due to the fact that there areRead More Trafficking Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pagesinto labor, especially into the sex trade, are children, most of which are women, at an estimated 1 million children per year (Kristof, pg. 9). There is a large amount of violence and abuse involved in sex slavery, many times leading to death. Globalization seems to have played a major role in the rise of sex slavery and the sex trade but has also played major roles in efforts to stop it. There has been speculation that the way that human trafficking has been constructed over time is a major problemRead MoreEssay about Thailand ´s International Trade Policy1368 Words   |  6 Pagesregional market integration. Thailand aims to capitalize on trade agreements by networking and entering partnership with neighboring countries. Currently, Thailand’s cross-border trade in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) plays a crucial role in globalization, because it facilitates rapid and convenient trade and investment. Countries seek new export markets to disperse the risk of domestic market concentration, as evidenced by the economic recessions affecting many developed countries, such as theRead MoreThe First Modern Geographer Of The World1206 Words   |  5 Pagesround, and it showed geography of each part of the world. Moreover, whatever that they studied, it is the advantage to human at present. Nowadays, geography helps human to understand the places in many parts of world. In addition, it makes a word â€Å"globalization† happen, because people around the world communicate to each other; to do business, trading, or using social media; although, they stay at opposite side of the world. In history of many countries, there are history about trading and it showedRead MoreModern Day Slavery And The Second Largest International Organized Crime Industry2733 Words   |  11 Pagesorganized crime industry. It brings in billions of dollars annually. Often human trafficking can be defined as the forced or coerced movement of people across national borders as well as within countries. Due to the increase of cultural and economic globalization, human trafficking sky rockets every year. Common areas victims are trafficked to parts of Asia, Europe and North America. Within the human trafficking sector, there are three major subsets. Sexual trafficking, Labor trafficking, and Organ traffickingRead MoreEnglish Globalisation Assignment : Slaves Of Fashion Essay999 Words   |  4 Pagesit.† In 1995 10-year-old children were working for Nike; manufacturing footballs in Cambodia and Pakistan. In Cambodia, fake ID’s can be bought for about $5 USD. The lack of backgroun d checks and birth certificates allow companies to claim negligence and turn a blind eye. This type of behavior allows children to be taken advantage of, which is all ok as long as Nike makes a profit, right? Let’s talk about the effect of Nike on the workers and the country that hosts the factories. Not all of it isRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The Global Age1616 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization is an ongoing process which involves increasing ease of movement of people, things, information, and places in the global age. Globalization is complex, yet it includes almost â€Å"everyone, everything, and every place, in innumerable ways† (Ritzer, 2011:12). Globalization has connected the world and as a result has connected an interdepended world, where countries are integrated more than ever. Thus, a significant outcome of globalization is the development and use of Multinational companiesRead MoreDeveloping an Annotated Bibliography1642 Words   |  7 Pageson businesses and productivity versus burrowing little creature globalization activists worries over disparity and social ills. By building a center ground between micro and macro examination and illuminating spe cialized wording, this brief and open book will be a significant reference for all no masters. GLOBALISM VERSUS REGIONALISM the end years of the twentieth century are prominent for the extension and developing of globalization. It basically alludes to the on-going financial, fiscal, innovative

Democracy in America Free Essays

The Formation of American Identity Morgan Hersha IAH 201 Professor Emily Conroy-Krutz February 21, 2013 Americans pride themselves on their nation and its achievements, but most of all, their freedom. â€Å"Nothing is more wonderful than the art of being free, but nothing is harder to learn how to use than freedom. † It is a blessing to live under such a great constitution and we as citizens should be knowledgeable about where, when, and how it all it began. We will write a custom essay sample on Democracy in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now People are who they are because of the experiences that they have been through throughout their life. This is the same case for America. The United States has formed its identity through experiences, both good and bad. After a long history of both conflict and peace, the United States formed as a union influenced both by European cultures and Native American culture. It all started when Christopher Columbus set sail and him along with the Europeans colonized to America. The Europeans brought their culture and ideas with them. We Americans just like any culture like to pass on our traditions to the generations to come. The things that I have learned in this class have tied into things today, or at least their origin. The shared history and culture that was developed is still evolving today. During the colonial and revolutionary periods of American history, Native Americans, wars, and European culture all impacted what it meant to be American, and its identity. Native Americans contributed to American identity tremendously. Early American settlers developed many skills that they learned from the Native Americans such as agriculture, language, and even governmental structure. Without the Native Americans it would have been difficult for colonists to be successful and survive. The colonists played a role like a tourist, and the Native Americans acted as guides. Native Americans depended on trade, and they shared this strategy with the colonists. Europeans would send things such as fur in return for things such as guns and salt. The French trading company was set up. It was thought the Native Americans receive civilization and Christianity, while the Europeans receive labor and land. This was obviously extremely unfair and the colonists were highly upset over this. The colonists were practically raised by the Native Americans, but once they were able to stand on their own two feet, they took a stand to the Native Americans due to their frustration. During the colonial times of America, multiple wars took place in order to get rid, or displace the Native Americans. During this time the Native Americans were treated horribly. It was their homeland and it was being taken from them, and some were even taken in as slaves. The colonists started to build on the Connecticut River Valley, but the only thing stopping them was the Pequots. At this time is when the colonists and Native Americans decide to unite against the Pequots, starting the Pequot War in 1637. The English set fire to a fort, which burned down the whole thing leaving about 5 survivors. The English believe that their easy victory meant that God was on their side. The English wanted to adopt the women and children and bring them into their own tribes and convert them into Christianity. The Wampanoag Indians did not want to live by the moral code of the Puritans. Massasoit was chief of the Wampanoag, he then died and Wamsuette took over which is when things began to fall apart. The sudden death of Wamsuetta was believed to be the cause the King Phillips war in 1975-1976, said to be the bloodiest war in history. During this war 5,000 Native people did, and Phillip retreated home. Many people argue over the justification of taking the land of the Native America. â€Å"It was a solemn sight to see so many Christians lying in their blood, some here and some there, like a company of sheep torn by wolves. Some say that the colonists came there to express their religion and gain wealth, while others see the colonists as cruel and unfair people. Today Native Americans, or Indians, have been given reservations, or land in order to repay them for what had been taken from them. There is much controversy on what else the Indians receive, but the United States is putting in some effort to justify what they had done. What is warfare? According to Websterà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Dictionary, warfare is the process of military struggle between two nations or groups of nations. Warfare is a part of just about every nation’s history. What influenced the American Revolution? There were a series of events that impacted the way Americans thought and gave them courage to rebel. The Haitian Revolution put thoughts in the Americans head to become free when the slaves rebelled and took Haiti from the French. By 1770’s about 1/5 of the British Empire was made up of Americans. The Sugar Act and Stamp Act were both two occurrences that made the colonists extremely angry, and after mass rioting the act was repealed. Britain came up with the Townshend Act, which placed import on glass, paint, paper, lead and tea. To enforce the act the British would use blank search warrants and search any building for any reason. The colonists became very upset and scared. As a result of this there were many outbreaks, which led up to the Boston Massacre. With many civilians being killed during the Boston Massacre, this is when the people start to realize that Americans need to be independent. The Americans start to make homespun clothes and homemade food and tea, which starts to bring patriotism, which makes it easy to put together a military. The French come to aid of the Americans by providing cash to help defeat the British. The American Revolution had major impacts. Examples of these impacts include things such as independent states with a centralized government, decentralized colonies to independent states with a central government, formation of a constitution, and separation of church and state, and the restriction of slavery. This American Revolution plays a very crucial role in who we are as Americans today. The last major impact on American identity is the influence that the British had on the Americans. The United States continues to be dependent on the British for culture and other things showing that America as a nation still followed Britain. Manufacturing has not yet been developed so the Americans are still depending on England to get their goods. America starts to take off when Jedidah Mose, a minister from Connecticut, creates an American geography for classroom use. The Europeans eventually do not have local knowledge about America and start asking for information. Goods start being carried on American ships, which is a symbolic change as a new point in history of the US. America is a land of wonders, in which everything is in constant motion and every change seems an improvement. † The point when Americans are seen as free and equal is when the Empress of China, the first US ship to go to China, sets sail. On that same day a ship leaves from New York to go to London, to pronounce peace terms. These actions are not being done by the government, but by merchants, althou gh the people see it as a national action. Americans can now enjoy buying things on their own terms. Americans continue to judge themselves as British, and the English do not respect them. Americans are very eager to always read British reports that are talking about America, and they are very sensitive to this. Americans need to cut ties with British if they want to have their own identity. Between the dates 1810-1830 America shifts between being dependent on the British, and being independent. Native Americans, warfare, and European culture have all been major factors that formed the American identity, and who we are today. Some of our values and trends may have changed throughout the years, but we still hold onto the roots of our culture. It is a blessing to live with freedom, and sometimes people take that for granted. Today, we are just born into the US and we are granted these freedoms, but in the colonial times, they had to fight for it. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Tocqueville, Alexis D. Democracy in America. N. p. : Penguin Group, 2003. Print. [ 2 ]. Krutz, E. Conroy. â€Å"American Empires, Colonies. † Lecture. Michigan State University. January 10, 2013. [ 3 ]. Krutz, E. Conroy. â€Å"American Empires, Colonies. † Lecture. Michigan State University. January 10, 2013. [ 4 ]. Krutz, E. Conroy. â€Å"Indian Wars and Captivity. † Lecture. Michigan State University. January 15, 2013. [ 5 ]. Krutz, E. Conroy. â€Å"Indian Wars and Captivity. † Lecture. Michigan State University. January 15, 2013. [ 6 ]. Krutz, E. Conroy. â€Å"Indian Wars and Captivity. † Lecture. Michigan State University. January 15, 2013. [ 7 ]. Rowlandson, Mary. The Sovereignty and Goodness of God. N. p. : n. p. , 1682. Print. [ 8 ]. Krutz, E. Conroy. â€Å"French Revolution. † Lecture. Michigan State University. January 15, 2013. [ 9 ]. Krutz, E. Conroy. â€Å"French Revolution. † Lecture. Michigan State University. January 15, 2013. [ 10 ]. Krutz, E. Conroy. â€Å"Tourism, Commerce, and American Identity. †Lecture. Michigan State University. January 15, 2013. [ 11 ]. Krutz, E. Conroy. â€Å"Tourism, Commerce, and American Identity. †Lecture. Michigan State University. January 15, 2013. [ 12 ]. Tocqueville, Alexis D. Democracy in America. N. p. : Penguin Group, 2003. Print. [ 13 ]. Krutz, E. Conroy. â€Å"Tourism, Commerce, and American Identity. †Lecture. Michigan State University. January 15, 2013. How to cite Democracy in America, Essay examples

SLA Management and Cloud Computing Amazon Web Service

Question: Describe about the SLA Management and Cloud Computing for Amazon Web Service. Answer: Remote Administration Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) Nwobodo, Jahankhani Edoh (2014) stated that for remote administration in Amazon Web Service (AWS), Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is required for accessing Windows-based instances in a secured way. For this to happen, Remote Desktop Gateway (RD Gateway) is deployed on the AWS cloud. RD Gateway utilizes RDP or Remote Desktop Protocol over HTTPS to provide an encrypted and secure connection between the Internet and the remote users on the web to run Windows based Amazon EC2 applications without the need to configure a VPN or Virtual Private Connection (Remote Desktop Gateway Reference Architecture, 2016). AWS provides templates for AWS CloudFormation so that the Child Protection Board can utilize for the deployment or directly launch into the organizational AWS account. Organizations requiring secure remote administrative access to Windows-based Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) applications on the web. For them AWS provide a documentation guideline; which the IT infrastructure person nel can use to better understand the design and RD Gateway infrastructure and deploy in on AWS (Remote Desktop Gateway on the AWS Cloud: Quick Start Reference Deployment - RD Gateway on AWS, 2016). Resource Management As opined Wadia (2016), Asset Management is required for an organization to strategically track and manage its AWS assets for deployment. The strategy would define if the organization is planning to integrate its internal management system with AWS and if asset management capabilities provided by AWS were utilized. To identify, track and control the AWS resources, AWS provides built-in metadata for all of its services. The Child Protection Board can track Amazon EC2 instances with the given metadata by attached storage, snapshot, volume id, 64-bit or 32-bit computer architecture, operating system or AMI (storage by server image). To easily pull resource and service metadata into existing asset management processes and system, AWS resources can be manually or programmatically carried. AWS also enables the customers to implement their personalized tags. Resources can be aged by lifecycle status, environment type, cost center, application version, support team among other categories so that the organization can manage the AWS resource assets efficiently (AWS Operational Checklists, 2016). SLA management SLA or Service-level management is the monitoring and management of Quality of Service, which indicates the performance of an entity. SLA enables the firm to be assured of a certain level of performance, reliability, and stability for the given IT infrastructure. It can be part of policy-based service-level management. The requirement for an SLA to mitigate the risk of downtime by creating alerts, after potential problems, has been identified. AWS provides the SLA offerings "As Is," and that AWS or their licensors or affiliates do not make any guarantees that the customers content, third-party content or the service offered by AWS and its partners will be free from errors, damage, or getting lost. AWS also states that the warranties which are not covered by law are disclaimed from making any implied warranty of non-infringement, satisfactory quality, merchantability while being utilized in a trade (AWS Customer Agreement, 2016). Morad and Dalbhanjans Operational Checklist for Cloud-based Services Checklist Items ? As per data requirements, the type of security and storage has to be selected to be specified by the Child Protection Board. ? The identity management would provide the specific credentials for deploying cloud-based services for data file exchange and payroll solutions. ? Application data must be separately kept from the volume of operating system at Child Protection Board (AWS Operational Checklists, 2016). Application Resilience As stated by Ryan (2015), each application has its characteristics and high level requirements. For the Child Protection Board to meet the costs effectively, AWS delivers few infrastructure building blocks. An effective strategy for a high level would include recovery, monitoring, auto-scaling, load balancing, and redundancy in a region use of various availability zones within a region. Based on the applications risk profile and availability requirement, the critical applications must ensure that all single points of failure are identified. Following are some Amazon Web Services that the organization can utilize for high availability Multi-AZ Amazon RDS for databases that are managed by multiple Availability Zone. Point-in-Time snapshots of Amazon EBS volumes by Amazon EBS Snapshots. iii. Amazon CloudWatch Alarms and Metrics. Scaling and automated instance recovery by Auto Scaling Load balancing across different Availability Zones by Elastic Load Balancing. Running multiple instances of Amazon EC2 in different availability zones (van Vliet, Paganelli, Geurtsen, 2013). Backup and Disaster Recovery Disaster Recovery (DR) requirements are unique to each application which are bound to recovery time objectives and recovery point, and geographical requirements that restrict physical boundary between disaster and primary recovery sites. A DR strategy is only effective when it includes not only how a single application like service or component will recover, but also to ensure that recovery of the application meets the standards. Region-to-region recovery, monitoring, load balancing, global traffic management, regional redundancy are all part of the effective DR strategy at a high level (Nadgowda, Jayachandran Verma, 2013). In the context of a DR plan, the organization can consider few Amazon Web Services and techniques. They are: Archiving data by utilizing Amazon Glacier Using Amazon Machine Image (AMI) Copy and EBS Snapshot Copy across regions iii. For DNS-based regional fail-over, Amazon Route 53 can be used Running new instances, or storing Amazon Machine Images and data in different AWS regions Leveraging Amazon S3s versioning to give protection for the users stored data. Archiving data to Amazon Glacier by leveraging S3 object lifecycle policies (Sengupta Annervaz, 2014). SLA of AWS as outlined by Erls SLA guidelines SLAs of AWS as per guidelines mentioned by Thomas Erl are: Service Commitment According to Amazon EC2 SLA (2016), Amazon states in its SLA that it will provide reasonable efforts to Amazon EBS and Amazon EC2 available commercially with the monthly uptime percentage being at least 99.95%, during billing cycle of every month. The SLA also states definition for unavailability and availability for Amazon EBS and Amazon EC2 and mentions Service Credit is a dollar credit. Service Credit can only be received if the user submits a claim by opening a ticket in the AWS Support Center (Garg, Versteeg, Buyya, 2013). Service Credit The user or the organization will receive Service Credit if it does not meet the Service Commitment of Amazon EBS or Amazon EC2. Service Credit percentage is 10% if the monthly uptime percentage is equal to or greater than 99.0% and less than 99.0% and 30% service credit percentage if the monthly uptime percentage is less than 99.0%. Failure to provide the request or other necessary information will disqualify the user from receiving a Service Credit. SLA Exclusions The SLA mentions that the Service Commitment is not applicable to termination, suspension or unavailability of Amazon EBS or Amazon EC2 account or its related performance issues (Amazon EC2 SLA, 2016). References Amazon EC2 SLA. (2016). Amazon Web Services, Inc.. Retrieved 6 October 2016, from https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/sla/ AWS Customer Agreement. (2016). Amazon Web Services, Inc.. Retrieved 6 October 2016, from https://aws.amazon.com/agreement/ AWS Operational Checklists. (2016). media.amazonwebservices.com. Retrieved 6 October 2016, from https://media.amazonwebservices.com/AWS_Operational_Checklists.pdf Garg, S. K., Versteeg, S., Buyya, R. (2013). A framework for ranking of cloud computing services.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(4), 1012-1023. Nadgowda, S., Jayachandran, P., Verma, A. (2013, December). 12MAP: Cloud Disaster Recovery Based on Image-Instance Mapping. InACM/IFIP/USENIX International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms and Open Distributed Processing(pp. 204-225). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Nwobodo, I., Jahankhani, H., Edoh, A. (2014). Security challenges in the distributed cloud computing.International Journal of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics 9,6(1), 38-51. Remote Desktop Gateway on the AWS Cloud: Quick Start Reference Deployment - RD Gateway on AWS. (2016). Docs.aws.amazon.com. Retrieved 6 October 2016, from https://docs.aws.amazon.com/quickstart/latest/rd-gateway/welcome.html Remote Desktop Gateway Reference Architecture. (2016). Amazon Web Services, Inc.. Retrieved 6 October 2016, from https://aws.amazon.com/windows/resources/whitepapers/rdgateway/ Ryan, M. (2015).AWS System Administration: Best Practices for Sysadmins in the Amazon Cloud. O'Reilly Media, Inc. Sengupta, S., Annervaz, K. M. (2014). Multi-site data distribution for disaster recoveryA planning framework.Future Generation Computer Systems,41, 53-64. van Vliet, J., Paganelli, F., Geurtsen, J. (2013).Resilience and Reliability on AWS. " O'Reilly Media, Inc.". Wadia, Y. (2016).AWS AdministrationThe Definitive Guide. Packt Publishing Ltd.

Europe 
An
 Anthropological 
Perspective

Thesis statement Ever since the end of WW2, when race-related discourse in the field of European anthropology became largely delegitimized, world’s well-established anthropologists had realized that there were put at liberty of discussing anthropological matters within the boundaries of only two conceptual approaches, which can be generally categorized as ‘socio-economic’ and ‘ethnographic’.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Europe: †©An†© Anthropological †©Perspective specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In its turn, this explains why the bulk of recent anthropological research in Europe (especially in Eastern Europe) has been conducted primarily along both approaches’ methodological lines. That is; whereas, socio-economic anthropologists proceeded with executing their professional duties within the procedural framework of ‘modernity vs. ethnography’, ethnographic anthropologists continued to research the matters of ethnography as such that remain largely unaffected by objective realities of living in today’s Europe. Unlike socio-economic anthropologists, who insist that the concept of cultural/ethnographic identity should be evaluated through the lenses of political economy, most ethnographically minded anthropologists assess the concept of ethno-identify through the lenses of cultural relativism, which automatically implies that the conclusions of their research-studies could be best described as utterly subjective. This; however, does not prevent some academicians from implying that anthropological subjectivity needs to be ‘celebrated’. For example, while referring to the book L’Afrique Fantome by French anthropologist Michel Leiris, in his article How many centers and peripheries in anthropology, Archetti (2006) states: â€Å"L’Afrique Fantome is a powerful book precisely because it is cent ered on the explicit recognition of the subjectivity of the ethnographer† (2006, p. 121). We do not subscribe to this point of view, simply because the subjectivity of a scientific research is being usually perceived as the proof of such research’s fallaciousness. This suggestion; however, does not imply the methodological framework of socio-economic anthropology as being only the appropriate one. The foremost weakness of both anthropological approaches appears to be the fact that their practitioners do not seem to realize the dialectical nature of a relationship between the notion of ethnicity, on one hand, and the notion of progress, on another – whereas, socio-economic anthropologists idealize environment, ethnographic anthropologists idealize psychology. In this paper, we will aim to provide a set of rationale-based arguments, in defense of our thesis, while pointing out to the fact that the strength of one’s willingness to think of its existential ide ntity solely in terms of tribally defined ethnicity, is the foremost indication of such individual’s lessened eligibility to be referred to as European, in traditional sense of this word.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Analytical part Throughout the course of 20th century and the first decade of 21st century, the essence of socio-political and cultural dynamics in Europe never ceased being defined by two mutually exclusive tendencies: 1) The process of European countries growing increasingly industrialized, resulting in ethno-related discourses in these countries being gradually deprived of their acuteness, 2) The integrity of European socium becoming undermined from within by the rise of ethno-separatism in many Europe’s countries. The validity of this suggestion will become self-evident, once we admit that, throughout the course of 20th century, the pace of technol ogical progress in Europe had attained clearly-defined exponential subtleties, and once we compare the contemporary political map of Europe to what it used to be prior to 1914, and prior to 1991, respectively. How was it possible for these mutually exclusive tendencies to simultaneously affect continent’s geopolitical status and its geopolitical landscape? In order for us to be able to answer this question, we will have to briefly outline the basics of Europe’s anthropological history. Around 6000-5500 B.C., Europe experienced an invasion of Aryan tribes, the representatives of which were able to quickly assimilate what today’s anthropologists refer to as Europe’s ‘relict’ populations. However, in Europe’s mountainous/island regions, the assimilation process did not proceed very smoothly, due to the lowered geographical accessibility of these areas. In its turn, this explains why the descendants of Europe’s ‘pre-Aryan†™ tribes, such as Celts, Basques, native Corsicans, Southern Slavs (Bosnians), Carpathians (Ukrainian Hutsuls) and Caucasians-proper, were able to preserve their ethno-linguistic, and the most importantly – behavioral identity. After all, even the names of corresponding regions sound phonetically similar – Scotland, Escara (country of Basques), Corsica, Kosovo, Carpathia, and Caucasus. The findings of most recent genetic research-studies on geographical distribution of haplotypes in Europe, confirms the validity of this hypothesis – the presence of relict chromosome Y-1 in the blood of male populations from Europe’s mountainous regions accounts for as much as 50%-70%. In its turn, the presence of this chromosome in one’s blood, defines the extent of individual’s endowment with certain ‘relict’ psychological traits, such as intellectual inflexibility, tendency to indulge in violence, a hypertrophied sense of kinship (communal m indset) and an acute sense of ritualistic religiosity. The study Religious aspects of the social organization of a Castilian village, in which Freeman (1968) discusses the existential mode of Spanish (mountainous) Valdemora del Castillo village’s residents, contain a following description of a particular psychological trait (violence-mindedness) that villagers consider the most virtuous: â€Å"The most admired personality (in the village) is the one who â€Å"shows temper† and thus â€Å"defends himself† successfully in social inter- action.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Europe: †©An†© Anthropological †©Perspective specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Assertiveness is valued above timidity† (1968, p. 42). In the same article, author emphasizes the fact that villagers are being endowed with a strong sense of religiosity: â€Å"†¦attendance at mass approaches 100 perc ent of the villagers and is considered important by men as by women† (1968, p. 43). It is not simply by a coincidence that the most notorious head of Spanish Inquisition, Thomas Torquemada (ethnic Basque), was simultaneously religious and physically violent. In his study Converts and consanguinity: The social organization of Moslem Slavs in Western Bosnia, Lockwood (1972) provides us with an insight onto the fact that, in terms of behavioral assertiveness, Bosnians can be well compared to Spanish highlanders: â€Å"Highland peasants (in Bosnia) are regarded as country bumpkins; the members of a particular village are known as rough-and-ready fighters. To some degree at least, these stereo-types are real† (1972, p. 56). The same can be said about Bosnians’ endowment with a communal spirit – just as it is the case with the rural inhabitants of Spain’s mountainous regions, most Bosnians think of interests of a community as such that surpass their perso nal interests: â€Å"Even the elected village head is relatively powerless without the backing of his fellow villagers. Similar effects of social pressures within the village are felt in various other context† (1972, p. 65). The reading of this particular article leaves very little doubt as to the fact that the communal mindedness represents Bosnians’ foremost existential trait. Rurally based Europeans with a substantial amount of ‘relict’ blood running through their veins, are also known for their intellectual inflexibility, sublimated in these people’s unwillingness to adjust to the ways of modernity. In her article Bioregulation and comida caseira in rural Galicia, Spain, Roseman (2004) points out to the fact that, after being asked by European Commission to observe additional safety regulations, the rural producers of Spanish traditional food comida caseira took it as an insult. Apparently, nothing could shake these people’s belief in rur ally produced food as being of necessarily higher quality then the food, produced and consumed by ‘city slickers’: â€Å"Among members of the rural and urban working classes in Galicia, there is an often interrelated and equally longstanding essentialistic discursive contrast drawn between the healthfulness and social rootedness of â€Å"home-raised food† vis-à  -vis externally produced and consumed commodities distinguished as being of questionable quality and even as constituting ‘vices† (2004, p. 13). Apparently, the factor of intellectual inflexibility, reflected by people’s irrational adherence to ‘tradition’, never ceases to define the workings of rural psyche, even when food-related issues are being discussed.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As it appears from reading Halpern and Kideckel’s (1983) study Anthropology of Eastern Europe, even as recent as in eighties, the anthropological discourse, regarding Eastern Europe, was primarily concerned with assessing Eastern Europe’s demographical dynamics within the conceptual frameworks of ‘modernity vs. tradition’ and ‘ethnicity vs. another ethnicity’. According to the authors, it is namely the fact that Eastern Europeans (especially the ones from region’s mountainous areas) have traditionally been known for the strength of their genetically predetermined tendency to proceed with trying to adjust their lives to purely formalistic religious and social rituals, which accounts for Eastern Europe’s social, political, economic and intellectual backwardness: â€Å"East Europe’s experience as political-economic periphery not only promoted ethnic sentiment but, in corollary fashion, was also a chief factor in the regionâ €™s underdevelopment† (1983, p. 389). In their article Europeanization, Borneman and Fowler (1997) had a made a perfectly legitimate point, while stating: â€Å"The multiethnic, autocratic East-Central European states have been at a permanent disadvantage vis-‘a-vis their West European counterparts† (1997, p. 492). As Hegel had once put it – Slavs occupy on Europe’s map more space than they do in Europe’s history. This explains why people from Europe’s Nordic countries have traditionally kept Eastern Europeans in low regard. In his article Cultures and communities in the anthropology of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, Wolfe (2000) states: â€Å"†¦a number of commentators have â€Å"written off† Russia because of its essentially â€Å"Eastern,† communal, and slavish mentality† (2000, p. 201). Thus, there can be few doubts as to the fact that the qualitative essence of one’s mentality cann ot be thought of as merely the reflection of a variety of different environmental factors that had affected the process of his or her upbringing – the way in which people address existential challenges is being biologically rather than socially predetermined. The soundness of earlier statement is best illustrated by contemporary particulars of EU’s functioning as a quasi-state. In his article Identity and borders: An anthropological approach to EU institutions, Abà ©là ¨s (2004) had gone a great length, while pointing out at the reasons why, within today’s boundaries, EU can never exist as a stable geopolitical entity, based upon the ideals of secularism and science-based rationale (the existential virtues of clearly Nordic origin). According to the author, the rationale-driven mentality of North Europeans is being simply inconsistent with passion-driven mentality of Southern Europeans: â€Å"†¦there is often a north/south divide in the (European) Commis sion†¦ countries generally in the north would be Britain, Ireland, Finland, Sweden, Austria, the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Luxemburg†¦ those in the south would include France, Spain, Italy, Greece and Portugal† (2004, p. 18). Whereas, most citizens in Nordic countries think of EU as a ‘common house’, meant to equally provide various benefits to all of its residents, in exchange for these residents actively contributing to house’s well-being, many citizens in Southern and Eastern European countries regard EU as somebody else’s rich household, the owners of which are being obligated to share riches with less-fortunate ones, in exchange for nothing. This is the reason why recent years saw the emergence of a so-called ‘euro-skepticism’ within EU, which is best defined as citizens’ growing awareness of the fact that the continuous existence of EU is its present form might actually be pointless. In her study The boundarie s of Europe: Deconstructing three regional narratives, Leontidou (2004) says: â€Å"European integration, even as incomplete as it started, was once a major event, but now euro-philia gives way to euro-scepticism in several regions and member states, as often shown in plebiscites† (2004, p. 610). The rise of ‘euro-skepticism’ is also being concerned with the process of EU’s socio-political policies growing ever-more absurdist. As it was pointed out in Shore’s (2004) article Whither European citizenship?: â€Å"Each year the EU spends over Euro 500 million on its cultural policy, which aims to promote the richness and diversity of Europe’s ‘shared cultural heritage’† (2004, p. 33). Yet, it is highly doubtful that either of European Commission’s high ranking bureaucrats would be able to comprehensively explain why it is necessary to spend money on promotion of ethnographic diversity within the Union, if the values of such ‘diversity’ directly confront the officially proclaimed purpose of EU’s creation – the building of a secular society, where details of society members’ ethno-cultural affiliation would cease to represent any importance, whatsoever. The actual reason why the ‘celebration of diversity’ had attained an official status in EU is simple – without being given a legal instrument of exploiting society in which they live, Europeans endowed with ‘relict’ mentality and ‘Europeans’ that had recently immigrated from a Third World, would have turned Europe into the battleground of everybody against everybody long ago. The fact that they are fully capable of doing it is being illustrated by the phenomena of Basque/Irish/Corsican terrorism, and by racial riots (initiated by representatives of racial minorities) that now break out in large European cities on almost daily basis. The irony lies in the fact that, if any body – it is namely the members of Europe’s ‘relict’ ethnicities that are being more psychologically ‘equipped’ to resist the process of Europe’s continuous Islamization, as compared to what it is the case with ‘proper’ Europeans. The reason for this is simple – even though Nordics leave enemy no chance, when it comes to engaging it at great distance, they do realize themselves quite powerless, when it comes to engaging the enemy at ‘close range’, especially when being required to play by enemy’s rules. For example, Switzerland has traditionally been taking pride in having one of the strongest armies in the world, capable of defeating just about any enemy imaginable. Yet, as of today, the population of Muslims in Switzerland accounts for 600.000.000 – in other words, the invading army of foreigners is already inside the Switzerland, while Swiss military continues to remain on lookout for th e enemy from outside. When being confronted by Muslims, ‘proper’ Europeans retreat, while striving to appease uninvited guests. The same cannot be said about ‘relict’ Europeans, whose psychological qualities allow them to successfully confront communally minded and violent invaders at ‘close range’ by proving themselves being even more communally minded and violent. Conclusion Even today, the subject of anthropological research cannot be discussed outside of euro-centrism as the intrinsic worldview, professed by even those Europeans who do not understand the actual meaning of this term. And, the manner in which euro-centric mind perceives surrounding reality is best described as dialectical – that is, such mind never ceases searching for the links between causes and effects. Therefore, it would only be natural for European anthropologists to strive to combine ethnography-based and socio-economy-based methodological approaches into a sing le one, which would be concerned with anthropologists taking into account both: the particulars of a studied populace’s biological constitution and such populace’s place on the ladder of socio-cultural and scientific progress. It is only when anthropologists will recognize that biology does matter, within the context of defining people’s ability to act as facilitators of progress, that anthropology will once again attain the status of ‘useful science’. References Abà ©là ¨s, M 2004, Identity and borders: An anthropological approach to EU institutions, : https://moodle.nuim.ie/2010/course/view.php?id=147 Archetti, E 2006, How many centers and peripheries in anthropology, : https://moodle.nuim.ie/2010/course/view.php?id=147 Borneman, J and Fowler, N 1997, Europeanization, : https://moodle.nuim.ie/2010/course/view.php?id=147 Freeman, S 1968, Religious aspects of the social organization of a Castilian village, : https://moodle.nuim.ie/2010/course/view .php?id=147 Halpern, J Kideckel, D 1983, Anthropology of Eastern Europe, : https://moodle.nuim.ie/2010/course/view.php?id=147 Leontidou, S 2004, The boundaries of Europe: Deconstructing three regional narratives, : https://moodle.nuim.ie/2010/course/view.php?id=147 Lockwood, W 1972, Converts and consanguinity: The social organization of Moslem Slavs in Western Bosnia, : https://moodle.nuim.ie/2010/course/view.php?id=147 Roseman, S 2004, Bioregulation and comida caseira in rural Galicia, Spain, : https://moodle.nuim.ie/2010/course/view.php?id=147 Shore, C 2004, Whither European citizenship? : https://moodle.nuim.ie/2010/course/view.php?id=147 Wolfe, T 2000, Cultures and communities in the anthropology of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, : https://moodle.nuim.ie/2010/course/view.php?id=147 This essay on Europe: †©An†© Anthropological †©Perspective was written and submitted by user Madyson Walker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Pros and Cons of Majoring in Journalism

The Pros and Cons of Majoring in Journalism So youre starting college (or going back after working awhile) and want to pursue a journalism career. Should you major in journalism? Take a few journalism courses and get a degree in something else? Or steer clear of j-school altogether? The Pros of Getting a Journalism Degree By majoring in journalism you get a solid foundation in the fundamental skills of the trade. You also get access to specialized, upper-level journalism courses. Want to be a sportswriter? A film critic? Many j-schools offer specialized classes in these areas. Most also offer training in the kind of multimedia skills that are increasingly in demand. Many also have internship programs for their students. Majoring in journalism also gives you access to mentors, namely the j-school faculty, who have worked in the profession and can offer valuable advice. And since many schools include faculty who are working journalists, youll have the chance to network with professionals in the field. The Cons of Getting a Journalism Degree Many in the news business will tell you that the basic skills of reporting, writing and interviewing are best learned not in a classroom, but by covering real stories for the college newspaper. Thats how many journalists learned their craft, and in fact, some of the biggest stars in the business never took a journalism course in their life. Also, journalists are increasingly being asked not just to be good reporters and writers, but to also have specialized knowledge in a particular field. So by getting a journalism degree, you may be  limiting your opportunity to do that, unless you plan on going to grad school. Lets say your dream is to become a foreign correspondent in France. Many would argue that youd be better served by studying French language and culture  while picking up the necessary journalism skills along the way. In fact, Tom, a friend of mine who became a Moscow correspondent for The Associated Press did just that: He majored in Russian studies in college, but put in plenty of time at the student paper, building up his skills and his clip portfolio. Other Options Of course, it doesnt have to be an all-or-nothing scenario. You could get a double major in journalism and something else. You could take just a few journalism courses. And theres always grad school. In the end, you should find a plan that works for you. If you want access to everything that a journalism school has to offer (mentors, internships, etc.) and want to take plenty of time to hone your journalism skills, then j-school is for you. But if you think you can learn how to report and write by jumping in headfirst, either by freelancing or working at the student paper, then you may be better served by learning your journalism skills on-the-job  and majoring in something else entirely. Whos More Employable? It all comes down to this: Whos more likely to get a journalism job after graduation, a journalism major or someone with a degree in another area? Generally, j-school grads may find it easier to land that first news job right out of college. Thats because the journalism degree gives employers a sense that the graduate has learned the fundamental skills of the profession. On the other hand, as journalists move forward in their careers and start to seek out more specialized and prestigious jobs, many find that a degree in an area outside of journalism gives them a leg up on the competition (like my friend Tom, who majored in Russian). Put another way, the longer youve been working in the news business, the less your college degree matters. What counts most at that point is your knowledge and job experience.

International Trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

International Trade - Essay Example Dinner in the Sky operates in about more than 15 countries (Dinnerinthesky.com, 2010). Dinner in the Sky will use a crane to elevate the furniture, crew, food and 22 to 350 diners as high as 180 ft up. The company will also built a separately-supported "flying stage" to hold a piano and musicians so the guests can enjoy live entertainment while they eat aloft. The structure of the eatery will be portable and will need a space of almost 1500 sq.ft, hence can be held anywhere (sea side, public place, historical sites and fields etc), (Dinnerinthesky.com, 2010). The company's suspended table measures 26 ft x 19 ft (8m x 6m) and weighs approximately 17,600 (7983.25 kg) lbs fully loaded (11,000 lbs (4989.6kg)unloaded). Eight cables, connected at points on all four sides, bind the table to a crane. The company has planned to work with safety agencies before introducing the concept to the public. During inspection, seats will be overloaded with weights of more than 330 lbs (150 kg) each. Di ners will be locked into their chairs by six-point seat belts that operate from the back side of the seat so they cannot disconnect themselves. The company will certify its system for safety by European-based testing agency (Mills et al, 2003). ... smati rice, or an Asian grilled shrimp with spinach, tofu and black bean sauce, a special pasta dish entree every day, plus the 'all American meal' such as barbecue beef ribs and baked beans. The menu will change every 3-4 months, keeping the favorites. All these mouth watering delicacies will be offered at competitive prices. The restaurant will open seven days a week, serving from 6 pm to 2 am. Dinner in the Sky is available for a session of 8 hours. It can be divided or personalized according to the client's wishes. Dinner in the Sky accommodates 27 diners around the table at every session, with a chef, a waiter and an entertainer. Dinner in the Sky’s management team will comprise of personnel holding experience of being associated with restaurant management. The Restaurant Industry of Pakistan is the size of around more than a hundred. The web page of Karachi Snob.com, a famous tourism web site of the city contains comprehensive details of all kinds of restaurants which ar e spread out through the city (karachisnob.com, 2010). The restaurants are categorized with the type of cuisines which they offer. The customers usually dine out on weekends with their families and prefer to visit those places which offer good food at reasonable prices and a comfortable seating arrangement so as not to cause any inconvenience to the family. The size of the Target Market which the company will be specifically catering to would be the 10% of the population of the city who belong to the Social Economic Class A and B. The lower middle class and the middle class would also be welcomed through trade promotions and discounts to leverage the revenues of its business. The restaurant industry is growing at a steady rate as shown in the â€Å"Hotel, Restaurant & Tourism Directory of

The History of Women as Teachers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History of Women as Teachers - Essay Example By the end of nineteenth century, women and men were present in many aspects of private and public life. In the eighteenth century, women were more of teachers as it suited their gender expectations. ( Thesis). Gender roles attitudes are shaped by the social and individual expectations of society. According to (Booth, 2013)â€Å"The codification or culture that a womans place is solely in the home has, since the middle of the 20th century, been losing force in many parts of the world†. It has been noticed that women were more visible as teachers rather than other profession .Teaching became highly feminized in the late 1800s and reason being social perception of teachers and women having evolved. Since many jobs paid more than teaching and women getting educated made them more prone to take up teaching. Male teachers were more from lower – middle class families. The low status of teaching as a profession in early times made it available for women. As per ( Wood,2013) â€Å"In the mid-1900s, females were thought of as being perfectly capable of serving as role models for all students†. The women were thought to have the emotional qualities suitable to work with the youth. Nurturing and sensitivity are not qualities attached with men and hence women were more considered for teaching profession. Students needed more care and emotional bond which was achievable from female teachers. Women were thought to contribute to the overall atmosphere of school. Women were more efficient in communication with young children and had more emotional bonding with them. They were positive role models for students than male teachers. Women being more patient, caring, gentle and sensitive were able to understand and cater to the needs of the growing children. The society has identified teaching is more of a feminine profession as her social expectation aligned with the requirement of the profession .Female

Review on Mason and Dixon chapter 35 by thomas pynchon Essay

Review on Mason and Dixon chapter 35 by thomas pynchon - Essay Example Reverend Cherrycoke to his twin nephews Pitt and pliney alternatively referred to as the elder, or the Younger throughout the book narrates the tale. The narrative approach dramatically changes from the story to the room where the narrative is being told. It requires a person to be extra careful or else they will be lost in time. The chapter reintroduces Reverend Cherrycoke and introduces the Redzinger family, the gambler Mr. Edgwise as well as the outstanding Armand and his Duck (350). It discusses the history and Christ likening the two to the fate of no man with only the destination of every expedition as the universal factor. Cherrycoke reveals there is a machine, which triggers all history in some part, leaving people in times where they cannot live and remain sane where history disappears. Cherrycoke observations in Christ and history can be thought as a straight denunciation of the Puritan and subsequently, American principle of the theory of Exceptionalism. This theory is of the opinion that America is different from other nations, it has a sacred history and events, and that it is the chosen country. It argues that America’s cities and hidden valleys are of one true god who is always on the American side saving the faithfulness America. America and Americans will suffer to be one, later in ti me in a reunion with their creator as a reward for the sacrifices and hard work for its priceless dedication as well as devotion. To the puritans what is stated to be a fact remains so but to the younger generations in the form of Ethelmer, the Reverend as well as Pynchon this does not hold water (361). The book requires maximum concentration for one to acknowledge the early history and culture. It requires slow and keen reading more so in chapter 35, where the themes require attention to identify, as they are not straightforward. This is critical in the understanding of the

Evolution of Advertising

Evolution of Advertising Solomon Asad Advertisements have an astounding power and ability to influence peoples opinions and ideas of the world. In the late 19th century, with the socio-cultural and economic shift from producer to consumer economy, advertisements began to play a major role in the consumerist society of the United States. Advertising responded to evolving business demands, media technologies and cultural frameworks, all in hopes of making products more appealing to consumers. Before the turn of the century, company ads targeted customer nostalgia, which at the time was very dominant in gaining product attention[1]. As time progressed, ads drastically changed. By the turn of the century modern advertisements emerged with executive advertisers, like Edward Bernays, who indulged in ads appealing to extravagance and leisure[2]. Advertisements evolved from portraying objective information to subjective depictions in order to evoke the hopes and anxieties of consumers, basing purchases more on desire rather than need. Customer values shifted due to various reasons between the 19th and 20th centuries, leading people to purchase less necessities and more desirable products, thus causing dramatic advertisement shifts in both form and function in order to optimize companies profits. Advertisements from 1880s to the early 1900s primarily performed to promote goods for consumers and provide them with a need for their product. As new modes of transportation were developed during this time period to deliver physical items and ideas across the country, companies issued nationwide broadcasting for their products. Regarding more important and higher quality company products, newspapers, billboards and other signs were utilized for commercializing these since they would be optimally advertised in general stores throughout the nation. At the time, these ads in particular focused on consumers limited to purchasing solely necessities. Therefore, promoting its products qualities over competitors. The Model K vehicle advertisement stresses its first-class mechanics with its bold title, The Fully-Finished Car which advocates for higher quality over competing products[3]. However, such ads along with, Will your car do this? fail to effectively endorse their products due to ext ensive information that disregards concern for competitors[4]. Both advertisements are text-reliant, with the exception of a single image, and limit their market due to their advertisements description only providing information about the product particular mechanics; therefore, failing to provide consumers with engagement or originality. Such advertisements were common during the time period due to the market consisting of consumers who were exclusively of need. Although this form of an ad is of low appeal, it proved effective for its limited market as the consumers needed cars that would be sustainable and required fulfilling information since providing a necessity took priority over desirables. Over time advertisements evolved along with the market and the consumerist economy. During the early and mid-1900s, dramatic changes took effect with ads, especially with automobile ads. The old text-heavy and informative advertisements were replaced with ads portraying numerous colorful images that evoked consumer psyche and emotional connections to company products. With this shift in advertisements, the focus on consumer desires replaced the old form of product promotion. Baker Electrics vehicle ad, Pleasure portrays a significant change from the 19th century to 20th centurys advertisements and is able to present a unique form of vehicles that is not solely limited as a necessity, but instead promotes a luxurious, family-like and endearing essence for future automobiles[5]. Along with Lexington Motor Companys ad, The Motor Car is the Magic Carpet of Modern Times, Baker Electrics advertisement implies a new ideal for automobiles[6]. Lexington Motor Companys ad implies a magical cha racter for automobiles, therefore expanding the market for those who dont own a vehicle through the advertisements unique and engaging personality, as well as promoting vehicles character as that of luxury. At the same time Baker Electrics ad expands the automobile audience to families, allowing for a more inviting market that is not exclusive for certain genders or people. It is during this period that certain companies changed their advertising approach and began to target different groups and implement diversified values for an expansive market. By the 1920s women developed a substantial status among automobile companies and their advertisements, henceforth evolving from basic luxury to a product inducing sex appeal. This advertising development seduced men into buying certain vehicles that commercials would promote, as it appeared for consumers that women preferred particular products. Ford Motor Company released an ad in 1928, Buy your Wife a Ford, which suggests a wife will be happier and more loving if bought a Ford automobile[7]. Buick, in 1931, also promoted a similar advertisement that marketed its brand as a fashionable and for the wealthy product, with bold words, Wherever fashion and character reign there you will find the Eight as Buick builds it, under a portrayal of an affluent woman.[8] By implementing women in advertisements, not only do automobile companies expand their markets, but also develop their products as luxury, therefore making their vehicles the necessity for the wealthy, and the desire for middle and lower class. However, the aforementioned, necessity for the wealthy no longer truly applies as a need. Instead it represents the difference in class by the automobile brand one owns. Therefore, the development of a need is no longer desired to encourage consumers to purchase products. Automobile advertisers utilized this understanding to appeal to the public on a more emotional level in order to develop a larger target market. It was understood that the more consumers purchased based off desire, the more they bought based off of emotions[9]. With colored and illustrated advertisements influencing emotional appeals, the market was able to be manipulated through the promotion of luxury of a brand with vivid depictions, therefore separating motor companies from outdated advertisements. Therefore, expanding the potential market and creating a luxury ideal encompassing the industry, and further attracting more consumers. Automobile industries have adapted significantly and successfully along with the fluctuating consumerist economy of the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Originally producing bland informative product descriptions as company advertisements, the automobile industry expanded fruitfully with illustrations, emotional appeals and successful techniques adaptable to the market leading towards a growing business where advertisements became more enjoyable, understandable and engaging for numerous groups of consumers. Through altering the form and function of advertisements, advertisers were able to focus on different aspects and ideals for products in order to keep up with the ever changing consumer market. Bibliography Dr. Katarina Keane, HIST289R Lecture Series, Commercialized Leisure at the Turn of the Century, 2016 Dr. Katarina Keane, HIST289R Lecture Series, Selling in America: New Advertising and Marketing, 2016 Winton Motor Carriage Co., The Fully-Finished Car, 1905. J. Walter Thompson, Co., Will Your Car Do This? c. 1900. Baker Electrics, Pleasure, c. 1910. Lexington Motor Company, The Motor Car is the Magic Carpet of Modern Times, ca. 1920. Ford, Buy Your Wife a Ford, 1928. Buick, Wherever Fashion and Character Reign, 1931. Baker Motor Vehicle Co., The Social Prestige of a Baker Electric, 1911. [1] Dr. Katarina Keane, HIST289R Lecture Series, Commercialized Leisure at the Turn of the Century, 2016 [2] Dr. Katarina Keane, HIST289R Lecture Series, Selling in America: New Advertising and Marketing, 2016 [3] Winton Motor Carriage Co., The Fully-Finished Car, 1905. [4] J. Walter Thompson, Co., Will Your Car Do This? c. 1900. [5] Baker Electrics, Pleasure, c. 1910. [6] Lexington Motor Company, The Motor Car is the Magic Carpet of Modern Times, ca. 1920. [7] Ford, Buy Your Wife a Ford, 1928. [8] Buick, Wherever Fashion and Character Reign, 1931. [9] Baker Motor Vehicle Co., The Social Prestige of a Baker Electric, 1911.

Lion in Winter Play review :: essays research papers

â€Å"The Lion in Winter† was performed on Saturday November 22nd was not as good as I thought it was going to be. The set was a great design and looked as it should for the time period. However, I didn’t like how scenes were changed. The set should have been designed to encompass more aspects of the scene structure. There was a lot of unnecessary movement on stage when there shouldn’t have been. Stage hands should not be seen or heard. Maybe the curtains could have been drawn for some of their work. The audience shouldn’t be made to watch the stage hands reset the stage right after an intermission. I thought it was handled very unprofessionally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times throughout the course of the play I heard pretty much all of the characters stumble over lines. This was not very professional either. All of the characters except for the queen were not into the play they were putting on. It showed thru really badly. Many times during dialogue there were pauses between sentences as if no one was aware of what the next line was going to be. Had this been a Broadway play it wouldn’t have made it to the second night of production. The only people that were actually prepared for production were the two characters that weren’t students. The cueing is what make or breaks a play and it broke this one all the pieces right in front of everyone’s eyes. The people who went to the show I was at were not laughing when they should be, weren’t moping with the characters like they should have been. I felt no life in this performance. It really was a sad dissertation of what I had been told and led to believ e was going to be great. Lion in Winter Play review :: essays research papers â€Å"The Lion in Winter† was performed on Saturday November 22nd was not as good as I thought it was going to be. The set was a great design and looked as it should for the time period. However, I didn’t like how scenes were changed. The set should have been designed to encompass more aspects of the scene structure. There was a lot of unnecessary movement on stage when there shouldn’t have been. Stage hands should not be seen or heard. Maybe the curtains could have been drawn for some of their work. The audience shouldn’t be made to watch the stage hands reset the stage right after an intermission. I thought it was handled very unprofessionally.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times throughout the course of the play I heard pretty much all of the characters stumble over lines. This was not very professional either. All of the characters except for the queen were not into the play they were putting on. It showed thru really badly. Many times during dialogue there were pauses between sentences as if no one was aware of what the next line was going to be. Had this been a Broadway play it wouldn’t have made it to the second night of production. The only people that were actually prepared for production were the two characters that weren’t students. The cueing is what make or breaks a play and it broke this one all the pieces right in front of everyone’s eyes. The people who went to the show I was at were not laughing when they should be, weren’t moping with the characters like they should have been. I felt no life in this performance. It really was a sad dissertation of what I had been told and led to believ e was going to be great.

Impressionism in Conrad and Joyce

Impressionism in Literature: Joseph Conrad & James Joyce. This essay attempts to give a brief comparison between two of the major representatives of the English Modernism, James Joyce and Joseph Conrad. Although these two writers come from very different backgrounds, they share the rejection of conventional realism and the search for new way to approach reality. In doing this, I will focus on the presence on Impressionistic ideas and in the new methods they will employ to depict reality. First of all, a swift definition of Impressionism in literature hooked be given.Many critics have argued that both in Jockey's and Concord's writings we could find impressionistic ideas, a new methodology of acknowledging the human experience. Impressionism have is origins in a exhibition in 1984 of a group of painters in which Monet stood out. Although the group was not especially homogeneous, they characterized by represent the way in which one person sees something at one moment in time, impressio ns of a particular and singular moment. They focused in the censorial aspect of how human beings experience the world vying great stress to subjectivity.In order to do this, they employ light and color which produce a censorial impact on the onlooker. In this liking way, literature tries to adapt the new techniques of painting to writing. They also stress subjectivity rejecting the old traditional emphasis upon order, thought and clearness. They provide us with a new perspective of the relation of individual with everyday world relaying on the censorial aspects of the experience. Apart from that, we find another particular characteristics in impressionistic writing: They rejected traditional emphasis on order and clearness, usually related with the conventions of Realism.Ambiguity prevails through the narration being the reader who has to form his own conclusion about the story The moment and the ephemeral is also very important. Description usually are told in a kind of accidental report, when the event are occurring. The details of the action are described through the eyes of the character when still happening and not when he/she has already processed the action (delayed decoding). This technique gives also a sense of ambiguity. The landscape is usually scribed with uncommon adjectives that are more concerned with human emotions than with depiction of the scenery.This and the repeatedly usage of images of fog, haze, mist or light and shadows produces a kind of dreamy and mysterious atmosphere where things seem to be blurred. Now, we come to analyze the following passage of Concord's Heart of Darkness on the basis of Impressionism. â€Å"l saw a face amongst the leaves on the level with my own, looking at me very fierce and steady; then suddenly, as though a veil had been removed from my eyes, I made out deep in angled gloom, naked breast, arms, legs, glaring eyes – the bush was swarming with human limbs in movement, glistening bronze color.The twigs shook, swayed, and rustled, the arrows flew out of them, and then the shutter came to. † Here, Concord's impressionist style permits the the reader to experience the events at the same time that Marrow does. The technique, commonly denominated as delayed decoding, tell us the details of the action before the protagonist has processed the action itself. This give us sensation of confusion, as we have to re-read the passage to really see hat is happening.Actually, this is quite similar to the painting techniques of Impressionism by which the clearest image of the picture can be only seen from certain distance of the canvas. In the following passage, also taken from Heart of Darkness, we can see the special characteristics of impressionistic descriptions. â€Å"The sun set; the dusk fell on the stream, and lights began to appear along the shore. The Chapman light-house, a three-legged thing erect on a mud-flat, shone strongly. Lights of ships moved in the fairway a great stir of lights going up and going down.And farther west on the upper reaches the place of the monstrous town was still marked ominously on the sky, a brooding gloom in sunshine, a lurid glare under the stars. † Here we have a description of the setting where prevails the use of light. In every line appear a reference to specific light (sun, dusk, light-house, stars, glare†¦ ). The description of the atmosphere of the setting is very detailed which produces the effect of certain mood, a kind of mysterious image.Moreover, we find many reference o water (stream, shore, mud-flat, fairway) that makes the image blurred before our eyes. In t he collection of short stories Edibleness, specially in â€Å"Arab† and â€Å"Beeline,† sense perception, like sight, sound, touch, smell, are very important. The descriptions make the reader feel the sensations described, the smells, the sounds†¦ This might be the one most outstanding feature of Joyce ‘s descriptions in Ed ibleness. In the following passage of Arab, we can find this references to receptions: â€Å"It was a dark rainy evening and there was no sound in the house.Through one of the broken ones I heard the rain impinge upon the earth, the fine incessant needles of water playing in the sodden beds. Some distant lamp or lighted window gleamed below me. I was thankful that I could see so little. All my senses seemed to desire to veil themselves and, feeling that I was about to slip from them, I pressed the palms of my hands together until they trembled, murmuring (†¦ )† So although both Joyce and Conrad share the same interest on the subjectivity, on how their characters experience reality, we can state that they differ slightly in the way of achieving this AOL.In this examples, Joyce focuses on all the senses to transport the reader into the experience of his characters whereas Conrad visual descriptions reminds the reader of one of the main characteristics of Impressionist pain tings : the interest on atmosphere and lighting effects. Bibliography. Kroger, Maria E. â€Å"Literary Impressionism† De. : New Haven, CT : College ; University Press, 01973. Slapstick, Mercedes. â€Å"Literary Analysis of Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad. † Helium. ;http://www. Helium. Com/items/855651- Impressionism in Conrad and Joyce First of all, a swift definition of Impressionism In literature would be given. Many critics have argued that both In Joyce ;s and Conrad ;s writings we could find impressionistic ideas, a new methodology of acknowledging the human experience. Impressionism have is origins in a exhibition in 1984 of a group of painters in which Monet stood out. Although the group was not especially homogeneous, they characterized by represent the way In which one person sees something at one moment in time, impressions of a particular and singular moment.They focused in the censorial aspect of how human beings experience the world vying great stress to subjectivity. In order to do this, they employ light and color which produce a censorial impact on the onlooker. In this liking way, literature tries to adapt the new techniques of painting to writing. They also stress subjectivity rejecting the old traditional emphasis upon order, thought and clearness. They provide us with a new perspective of the re lation of individual with everyday world relaying on the censorial aspects of the experience.Apart from that, we find another particular characteristics In Impressionistic writing: They rejected traditional emphasis on order and clearness, usually related with the conventions of Realism. Ambiguity prevails through the narration being the reader who has to form his own conclusion about the story The moment and the ephemeral is also very Important. Description usually are told in a kind of accidental report, when the event are occurring. The details of the action are described through the eyes of the character when still happening and not when he/she has already processed the action (delayed decoding).This technique gives also a sense of ambiguity. The landscape is usually ascribed with uncommon adjectives that are more concerned with human emotions than with depiction of the scenery. This and the repeatedly usage of images of fog, haze, mist or light and shadows produces a kind of dr eamy and mysterious atmosphere where things seem to be blurred. Now, we come to analyze the following passage of Concord's Heart of Darkness on the basis of Impressionism. L saw a face amongst the leaves on the level with my own, looking at me very fierce and steady; then suddenly, as though a veil had been removed from my eyes, I made out deep in angled gloom, naked breast, arms, legs, glaring eyes – the bush was swarming with human limbs in movement, glistening bronze color. The twigs shook, swayed, and rustled, the arrows flew out of them, and then the shutter came to. † Here, Conrad s impressionist style permits the the reader to experience the events at the same time 1 OFF us the details of the action before the protagonist has processed the action itself.This give us sensation of confusion, as we have to re-read the passage to really see what is happening. Actually, this is quite similar to the painting techniques of Impressionism by which the clearest image of th e picture can be only seen from certain distance of the canvas. In the following passage, also taken from Heart of Darkness, we can see the special characteristics of impressionistic descriptions. â€Å"The sun set; the dusk fell on the stream, and lights began to appear along the shore. The Chapman light-house, a three-legged thing erect on a mud-flat, shone strongly.Lights of ships moved in the fairway a great stir of lights going up and going down. And farther west on the upper reaches the place of the monstrous town was still marked ominously on the sky, a brooding gloom in sunshine, a lurid glare under the stars. † Here we have a description of the setting where prevails the use of light. In every line appear a reference to specific light (sun, dusk, light-house, stars, glare†¦ ). The description of the atmosphere of the setting is very detailed which produces the effect of certain mood, a kind of mysterious image.Moreover, we find many reference o water (stream, sh ore, mud-flat, fairway) that makes the image blurred before our eyes. In t he collection of short stories Edibleness, specially in â€Å"Arab† and â€Å"Beeline,† sense perception, like sight, sound, touch, smell, are very important. The descriptions make the reader feel the sensations described, the smells, the sounds†¦ This might be the one most outstanding feature of Joyce ‘s descriptions in Edibleness. In the following passage of Arab, we can find this references to receptions: â€Å"It was a dark rainy evening and there was no sound in the house.Through one of the broken ones I heard the rain impinge upon the earth, the fine incessant needles of water playing in the sodden beds. Some distant lamp or lighted window gleamed below me. I was thankful that I could see so little. All my senses seemed to desire to veil themselves and, feeling that I was about to slip from them, I pressed the palms of my hands together until they trembled, murmuring (†¦ ) † So although both Joyce and Conrad share the same interest on the subjectivity, on how their characters experience reality, we can state that they differ slightly in the way of achieving this AOL.

Free Essays on Anwar Sadat

Anwar Sadat’s Leadership Muhammed Anwar al-Sadat, once the President of the Republic of Egypt is mainly remembered for his devotion to peace in the Middle East and as the first Arab leader to recognize Israel. Throughout his eleven years of presidency Sadat was determined to turn his country around. Anwar Sadat played a leading role in paving the way for Pacifism amongst Arabs and Israelis in the Middle East During his early years he was posted at a distant military base. While he was there he met Gamal Abdel Nasser, the current President of Egypt; this meeting would be the beginning of a political relationship that eventually led to the Egyptian presidency. Sadat began as Nasser’s public relations minister and trusted lieutenant (â€Å"Anwar†). In a world of superpower enemies, Sadat learned the dangerous game of nation building (â€Å"Anwar†). Nasser’s goal was to reestablish control over the Suez Canal. After Nasser led two wars against Israeli he was unsuccessful and put his country in turmoil. Under stress Nasser collapsed and died. Sadat was elected as Egypt’s president, and he immediately began proving his leadership abilities. Sadat wanted to finish what Nasser had tried to accomplish. To coax some movement toward peace, Sadat made a dramatic decision (Anwar). He launched the Arab-Israeli War of 1973. Egypt, Syria, and Iraq attacked Israel on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, catching the Israelis off guard. Israel recovered quickly and forced the troops back to their initial gains. Even though the war ended with Israel in control Sadat was still devoted to â€Å"turning the war into a moral victory† (Sadat). This gave Sadat credibility which earned him respect of his countrymen. Having restored some of the Arabs’ wounded pride, Sadat moved decisively to change the face of the Middle East. Sadat stated, â€Å"There is no time to lose. I am ready to go to the ends of the earth if that will save one ... Free Essays on Anwar Sadat Free Essays on Anwar Sadat Anwar Sadat’s Leadership Muhammed Anwar al-Sadat, once the President of the Republic of Egypt is mainly remembered for his devotion to peace in the Middle East and as the first Arab leader to recognize Israel. Throughout his eleven years of presidency Sadat was determined to turn his country around. Anwar Sadat played a leading role in paving the way for Pacifism amongst Arabs and Israelis in the Middle East During his early years he was posted at a distant military base. While he was there he met Gamal Abdel Nasser, the current President of Egypt; this meeting would be the beginning of a political relationship that eventually led to the Egyptian presidency. Sadat began as Nasser’s public relations minister and trusted lieutenant (â€Å"Anwar†). In a world of superpower enemies, Sadat learned the dangerous game of nation building (â€Å"Anwar†). Nasser’s goal was to reestablish control over the Suez Canal. After Nasser led two wars against Israeli he was unsuccessful and put his country in turmoil. Under stress Nasser collapsed and died. Sadat was elected as Egypt’s president, and he immediately began proving his leadership abilities. Sadat wanted to finish what Nasser had tried to accomplish. To coax some movement toward peace, Sadat made a dramatic decision (Anwar). He launched the Arab-Israeli War of 1973. Egypt, Syria, and Iraq attacked Israel on the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur, catching the Israelis off guard. Israel recovered quickly and forced the troops back to their initial gains. Even though the war ended with Israel in control Sadat was still devoted to â€Å"turning the war into a moral victory† (Sadat). This gave Sadat credibility which earned him respect of his countrymen. Having restored some of the Arabs’ wounded pride, Sadat moved decisively to change the face of the Middle East. Sadat stated, â€Å"There is no time to lose. I am ready to go to the ends of the earth if that will save one ...

Censorship Debate essay essays

Censorship Debate essay essays Censorship has been a large issue in the history of the United States for quite some time. Though this is the home of the free and land of the brave, how far does the freedom go? Current censorship completely holds back literary works that are made into Currently, 40 percent of the population opposes censorship. The other 60 percent of the population either do not care about censorship or promotes it. The entertainment industry is one of the largest parts of the countrys income, to shut it down would be tragic to the economy. Imagine what would happen if censorship did not have to be a part of the world. As of this day and age, entertainment comes from the most taboo parts of the censorship bureaus strict beliefs. Organizations such as the FCC and AMPA limit the people of the supposed free nation from what they can or cannot see and hear. Europe, mainly England, Germany, France and Russia, has seen a dramatic decrease in teen pregnancy and homicide since censorship does not exist in those countries. Teenagers and children have a fear of openness with their parents. Each day, a parents tells his/her child the truth about where babies come from. Each day, it becomes harder and harder for a parent to realize that the truth is harder to tell than some half baked story of storks and cabbage patches. In Europe, the children and teens have little or no discomfort when confronting parents with similar issues simply because sex and violence is shown on that miracle box in the living room. Motion Pictures have played a large part in the lives of millions of people for the past 70 years. More and more sex, violence and profanity market their way into movies. Fiction is the largest type of movie made and watched because of the entertaining and wild action and sexual scenes The United States has made some of the best movies that the world will ever see such as: Lethal W ...

Hysteria of Salem witch trial in comparison to the 1980s day care case Term Paper

Hysteria of Salem witch trial in comparison to the 1980s day care case hysteria, - Term Paper Example Peasants used witchcraft to invoke charms for agriculture and farming, which gradually transformed from white magic into dark magic with a growing association with evil spirits and demons. With an increasing association of superstitions with the devil, incidents of witchcraft persecutions also increased rapidly, causing panic that led to aggressive witch hunts (Adams 69). On the other hand, the daycare sex abuse hysteria of the 1980s was in the form of panic that featured claims of child abuse, specifically sexual abuse, and satanic ritual abuse against providers of daycare (Malloy, Lyon & Quas 164). As more mothers ventured into employment and had to be away from home, a large number of daycare centers opened up to care for their children. However, an outstanding case in California’s Kern County started a wave of panic, lasting for nearly a decade. Characterized by incredible accusations of children being sexually molested, the panic spread out of the United States to New Zea land, Canada and some countries in Europe (Malloy, Lyon & Quas 164). The most prominent cases in the United States were Kern County child abuse cases; McMartin preschool trial; Fells Acre Day Care Center; Wee Care Nursery School; Cleveland child abuse scandal; and Little Rascals Day Care Center (Malloy, Lyon & Quas 165). ... The two sets of trials originated from the behaviors of children and the statements they issued. Driven by hysteria, parents and doctors interpreted the statements and behaviors in extremely portentous and threatening ways, rather than innocent and rational interpretations. It is the panic that led the people to believe the remotely conceivable accusations placed by children, ignoring all the inconsistencies as narrated by either scared, confused or preconditioned children. In both sets, literature analyses show that the prosecutors were asking leading questions. Repetitive questioning led to multiplication of the accusations and with the heightened spread of the hysteria, there were new targets of the accusations. Most of them were those that defended the accused or showed cynicism about the charges. The hysteria and bias against the accused in both sets of trials led the prosecutors and investigators to find meaning in very unlikely places. For example, in the Salem trials, the inv estigators concluded that a mole on an accused person’s body was an entry or sucking point for evil spirits and demons. On the other hand, it was concluded that drawing hands by children on stick figures was evidence of them having been molested in the daycare cases. Another unlikely conclusion in the daycare cases drawn was that the hatred of tuna fish by a child was caused by exposure to vaginal odor (Malloy, Lyon & Quas 162). The insistence and use of leading questions by the investigators rendered the investigations themselves as the roots of multiple problems. Effectively, the accused were faced with the burden of proving their own innocence in both sets of trials. For example, in the Salem trials, the

Employment Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Employment Law - Case Study Example I'm only doing my job." He then picked up heavy glass paperweight from the desk and threw it at Mrs Simpson, hitting her in the face which resulted in serious injury. Tom tried to justify his behavior by claiming that his line manager, Sarah Harper, has been constantly criticizing his performance, customer care approach and time keeping. Later, at an official party, where he was rebuked and laughed at for his conduct with the customer, he picked up fight and injured one of his co-employee. In the facts and circumstances given above, two incidents of causing injury are directly attributable to the employee. Thus, the issue presented for consideration is as to who would be held liable for compensation to the victims for the tortuous and wrongful act of Tom Barnes. Apart from the criminal liability of Tom Barns for which a separate action would lie either by the employer or by the customer, in all probabilities, the relief of monetary compensation or punitive damages can be sought by the customer by primarily suing the employer as defendant as the employer is liable under tort for the acts committed by his employee. The liability of the employer for the tort or wrongful commission of an act by an employee emanates from the well known maxim "Respondent Superior", which means, Superior is responsible or let the principal be liable. This liability derives its validity from the fact that he who does an act through another is deemed in law to do it himself. This is also known as vicarious liability of the employer. Vicarious Liability As stated above, Vicarious liability is an old principle of employment law whereby the employer is held to be responsible for the acts of its employees when they are acting within the course and scope of their employment. The vicarious liability of the employer can be traced to the definition of employer-employee relationship propounded by the U.S.Supreme Court in the case of United States v. Silk (1) 91 L.Ed. 1757: 331 U.S. 304 (319), per Reed, J. wherein it was agreed that the test was whether the men were employees " as a matter of economic reality". The important factors were said to be "the degrees of control, opportunity of profit or loss, investment in facilities, permanency of relations and skill required in the claimed independent operation." The indicia of employer-employee relationship is further elaborated in the "Re-statement of the Law" (2) as follows: (a) The extent of control which, by agreement, the master may exercise over the details of the work; (b) Whether or not the one employed is engaged in a distinct occupation or business; (c) The kind of occupation with reference to whether, in the locality the work is usually done under the directions of the employer or by a specialist without supervision. (d) The skill required in the particular occupation; (e) Whether the employer or the workman supplies the instrumentalities, tools and the place of work for the person doing the work; (f) The length of time for which the person is employed; (g) The method of payment, whether by the time or by the job; (h) Whether or not the work is a part of regular business of the employer; and (i) Whether or not the parties believe they are creating the relationship of master and servant. It would follow from the above that since the employee is in total control and supervision